77 peer-reviewed studies, laboratory test reports, patents, industry standards, and field validation documents underpinning iFuelSave analytical methodology. Sources span 1985–2025.
| # | Year | Authors / Source | Title / Description | Journal / Publisher | DOI / Reference | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2025 | Bill S. — REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | Efficiency and Lifetime Optimization of Gears, Bearings and Combustion Engines in Mining Equipment | REWITEC Mining Technical Presentation, July 2025 | rewitec.com | REWITEC Mining |
| 2 | 2025 | REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | PowerShot FS — Fuel Saving Lubricant Additive: Product Specification, Dosing Protocol and Application Guide | REWITEC Product Document | rewitec.com | PowerShot FS |
| 3 | 2025 | REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | DuraGear — Gear and Bearing Protection Additive: Technical Specification and Application Data | REWITEC Product Document | rewitec.com | DuraGear |
| 4 | 2025 | REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | GR400 — Heavy-Duty Rolling Bearing Grease Additive: Technical Specification and Dosing Protocol | REWITEC Product Document | rewitec.com | GR400 |
| 5 | 2025 | REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | DuraGear W100 — Wind Turbine Gear Oil Additive: Technical Specification, ISO VG 320 compatible | REWITEC Product Document | rewitec.com | Wind Turbine |
| 6 | 2024 | Ibanez Noriega I., Sagastume Gutierrez A., Cabello Eras J.J. — Universidad de La Costa, Colombia | Energy and exergy assessment of heavy-duty mining trucks — Discussion of saving opportunities | Heliyon 10, e25358 — Elsevier | 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25358 | PRIMARY STUDY |
| 7 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH & Croda International (UK) — MTM Stribeck Curve Testing | Tribological Testing — MTM Stribeck Curves: CRODA/REWITEC collaboration. Up to 56% lower friction than Valvoline 15W40, up to 72% lower than Liqui Moly Ceratec | REWITEC/Croda Lab Report — MTM Stribeck | rewitec.com | MTM Stribeck (Croda) |
| 8 | 2024 | Ingram Tribology Ltd. (Sheffield, UK) — commissioned by Cargill Inc. | MPR Micropitting Test: Wind turbine grease phyllosilicate additive. 600N/2100MPa, 1 ms-1, 30% SRR, 57°C. Grease A vs Grease A + additive over 1.945M cycles | Ingram Tribology Test Report — MPR, on behalf of Cargill Inc. | ingram-tribology.com | Ingram) |
| 9 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | 2-Disc Assembly Rolling Wear Test: Friction and roughness reduction across 9 gear oils — Shell, Mobil, Klübersynth, Fuchs, Amsoil, Klüberbio. 33–55% friction reduction, 18–54% roughness reduction | REWITEC Scientific Test Report — 2-Disc Rolling Wear | rewitec.com | 2-Disc Rolling Wear |
| 10 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH — Cargill 2-Disk Rig Endurance Test | Cargill 2-Disk Endurance Test: ISO VG 320, 2190N load, 424/339 rpm, slip 20%. Result: 62N (34%) friction force reduction with phyllosilicate addition. 140-hour test | REWITEC Lab Report — Cargill 2-Disk Endurance | rewitec.com | Cargill 2-Disk Endurance |
| 11 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH — FZG Test Institute, Germany | FZG Temperature Test: C-GF gears, Ra=0.5µm, 0.2% phyllosilicate, 8.3 m/s sliding speed, initial 40°C. Long-period gear oil temperature reduction assessment | REWITEC Lab Report — FZG Gear Test Germany | rewitec.com | FZG Germany |
| 12 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH — Tribological Microscopy Analysis | Tribological Microscopy: Surface analysis before/after phyllosilicate treatment showing wear scar reduction and surface smoothing mechanism at micro scale | REWITEC Lab Report — Microscopy | rewitec.com | Surface Microscopy |
| 13 | 2024 | SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH (Germany) / Cargill Bioindustrial Shanghai | SGS Analysis SO24-02703: Gear oil compatibility — Shell Omala 320, Fuchs Unisyn 320, Mobil SHC XMP 320, Castrol Optigear 320 + 1% NEOL W100. ASTM D445/D92/D892/D6082 | SGS Certified Analysis Report SO24-02703.001–.004 | SO24-02703 series | SGS Compatibility (SGS Germany) |
| 14 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | Diesel Generator Long-Term Fuel Saving Test: Certified instruments. Up to 9% fuel savings at 60–90% engine load over 25-hour protocol | REWITEC Field Test Report — Diesel Generator | rewitec.com | Diesel Generator 9% |
| 15 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH, Lahnau, Germany | Ship Diesel Generator — Daihatsu 6 DK28: 3.8% fuel consumption reduction over 2-year certified measurement period | REWITEC Field Test Report — Marine | rewitec.com | Marine Diesel 3.8% |
| 16 | 2024 | REWITEC GmbH — Minera Chinalco Peru S.A., Toromocho Mine (4,500m ASL) | CAT 777G & CAT 797F: Engine life extension +26,000 hours beyond OEM interval. Fuel efficiency improvement documented. High-altitude diesel-electric mining application | REWITEC Field Validation Report — Mining Peru | rewitec.com | MINING KEY Chinalco |
| 17 | 2024 | BHP Group Ltd., Melbourne, Australia | Sustainability Report 2024 — Scope 1 & 2 emissions, diesel consumption data by operation (Escondida, Olympic Dam) | BHP Annual Sustainability Report 2024 | bhp.com | BHP ESG Data |
| 18 | 2024 | Caterpillar Inc., Irving TX, USA | CAT 797F Ultra-Class Mining Truck — Technical Specifications: Cat C175-20, 2983 kW, 363t payload, fuel consumption benchmarks | Caterpillar Product Literature AEHQ7350 | cat.com | CAT 797F |
| 19 | 2024 | Komatsu Ltd., Tokyo, Japan | Komatsu 980E-5 — Technical Specifications: 2611 kW, 363t payload, SSDA18V170 engine | Komatsu Product Data Sheet | komatsu.com | Komatsu 980E-5 |
| 20 | 2024 | Hitachi Construction Machinery, Tokyo, Japan | EH5000AC-3 — Technical Data: Cummins QSKTA78, 2013 kW, 296t payload | Hitachi Product Literature | hitachicm.com | Hitachi EH5000 |
| 21 | 2024 | Liebherr Group, Bulle, Switzerland | T 284 Mining Truck — Specifications: MTU 20V4000, 3280 kW, 363t payload | Liebherr Mining Product Literature | liebherr.com | Liebherr T284 |
| 22 | 2023 | Ji D., Cai H., Ye Z., Luo D., Wu G., Romagnoli A. | Comparison between thermoelectric generator and ORC for low to medium temperature heat source: techno-economic analysis | Sustainable Energy Technologies 55 | 10.1016/j.seta.2022.102914 | WHR TEG vs ORC |
| 23 | 2023 | Lan S., Li Q., Guo X., Wang S., Chen R. | Fuel saving potential: bifunctional vehicular waste heat recovery using TEG and ORC | Energy 263, 125717 | 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2022.125717 | WHR Combined |
| 24 | 2023 | Ping X., Yang F., Zhang H. et al. | Dynamic response assessment and multi-objective optimization of ORC under vehicle driving cycle conditions | Energy 263, 125551 | 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2022.125551 | WHR ORC Vehicle |
| 25 | 2023 | ACEA — European Automobile Manufacturers Association, Brussels | ACEA Oil Sequences for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines — 2023 Edition | ACEA Technical Document 2023 | acea.auto | ACEA HD Diesel Europe |
| 26 | 2022 | Feng Y., Liu Q., Li Y., Yang J., Dong Z. | Energy efficiency and CO2 emission comparison of alternative powertrain solutions for mining haul truck | Journal of Cleaner Production 370, 133568 | 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2022.133568 | Powertrain Energy |
| 27 | 2022 | Golbasi O., Kina E. | Haul truck fuel consumption modeling under random operating conditions | Transportation Research Part D 102, 103135 | 10.1016/J.TRD.2021.103135 | Fuel Modelling |
| 28 | 2022 | Onorati A., Payri R., Vaglieco B.M. et al. | The role of hydrogen for future internal combustion engines | Int. Journal of Engine Research 23, 529-540 | 10.1177/14680874221081947 | Hydrogen ICE |
| 29 | 2022 | Wright M.L., Lewis A.C. — University of York, UK | Decarbonisation of Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines Using Hydrogen Fuel: Review of NOx Emissions impact | Environmental Science: Atmospheres (RSC) | 10.1039/d2ea00029f | Hydrogen HD Diesel |
| 30 | 2022 | Grahn M. et al. — Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden | Review of electrofuel feasibility — cost and environmental impact | Progress in Energy 4 (IOP Publishing) | 10.1088/2516-1083/ac7937 | Electrofuels Europe |
| 31 | 2022 | Gautam S.S. et al. | Thermal barrier coatings for internal combustion engines: a review | Materials Today Proceedings 51, 1554-1560 | 10.1016/J.MATPR.2021.10.371 | TBC Review |
| 32 | 2022 | SAE International, Warrendale, PA | SAE J300: Engine Oil Viscosity Classification — 2022 Edition | SAE Standard J300 | sae.org | SAE J300 |
| 33 | 2022 | REWITEC GmbH (German Patent via EPO Munich) | Patent US11091717B2: Method for lubricating tribological systems — phyllosilicate particle application | USPTO — Active to 2033 | US11091717B2 | US11091717B2 Active |
| 34 | 2022 | DLG e.V., Frankfurt am Main, Germany | DLG-Prufbericht: ExxonMobil Mobil Delvac 1 ESP 5W-30 — certified 1.7% fuel saving (DLG PowerMix protocol) — competitor benchmark | DLG Certified Test Report | dlg.org | Competitor Benchmark |
| 35 | 2022 | ICMM — International Council on Mining and Metals, London, UK | The Role of Mining in National Economies: Mining Contribution Index — 4th Edition | ICMM Industry Report 2022 | icmm.com | Mining Economics ICMM |
| 36 | 2021 | Dettu F., Pozzato G., Rizzo D.M., Onori S. — Stanford University, USA | Exergy-based modeling framework for hybrid and electric ground vehicles | Applied Energy 300 | 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117320 | Exergy Vehicles |
| 37 | 2021 | Ramirez-Restrepo R., Sagastume A., Cabello J. et al. | Experimental study of thermal energy recovery with thermoelectric devices in low displacement diesel engines | Heliyon 7, e08273 | 10.1016/J.HELIYON.2021.E08273 | WHR TEG Diesel |
| 38 | 2021 | Zacharof N. et al. — European Commission JRC, Ispra, Italy | Estimation of heavy-duty vehicle fleet CO2 emissions based on sampled data | Transportation Research Part D 94, 102784 | 10.1016/j.trd.2021.102784 | GHG Fleet Europe |
| 39 | 2021 | REWITEC GmbH (US Patent Granted) | Patent US10240104B2: Lubricant additive composition containing phyllosilicate particles | USPTO — Active to 2033 | US10240104B2 | US10240104B2 Active |
| 40 | 2021 | ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA | ASTM D4485: Standard Specification for Performance of Engine Oils — 2021 Edition | ASTM Standard D4485 | astm.org | ASTM D4485 |
| 41 | 2020 | Feng Y., Dong Z. — University of Technology Sydney, Australia | Optimal energy management with balanced fuel economy and battery life for large hybrid electric mining truck | Journal of Power Sources 454 | 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227948 | Battery Mining Truck |
| 42 | 2020 | Sciarretta A., Vahidi A. | Energy-Efficient Driving of Road Vehicles | Springer International Publishing, LNIT | 10.1007/978-3-030-24127-8 | Fuel Efficient Driving |
| 43 | 2019 | Chizhik S.A., Wahl M., Ruping S., Manstein A. — Belarusian State University / REWITEC collaboration | Tribological properties of a phyllosilicate based microparticle oil additive — wear, surface analysis, friction coefficient | Wear 426-427, 835-844 (Elsevier) | 10.1016/j.wear.2019.01.095 | Phyllosilicate Science KEY |
| 44 | 2019 | Ramirez R., Sagastume A., Cabello J.J. et al. | Evaluation of the energy recovery potential of thermoelectric generators in diesel engines | Journal of Cleaner Production 241, 118412 | 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118412 | WHR TEG Diesel |
| 45 | 2019 | Bajany D.M., Zhang L., Xia X. — University of Pretoria, South Africa | Optimization approach for shovel allocation to minimize fuel consumption in open-pit mines | IFAC-PapersOnLine 52, 207-212 | 10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.09.196 | Fuel Optimization Mining |
| 46 | 2019 | Jin C., Yi T., Shen Y., Khajepour A., Meng Q. | Comparative study on the economy of hybrid mining trucks for open-pit mining | IET Intelligent Transport Systems 13, 201-208 | 10.1049/iet-its.2018.5085 | Hybrid Truck Economy |
| 47 | 2019 | Di Battista D. et al. — Universita dell Aquila, Italy | Inverted Brayton Cycle for waste heat recovery in reciprocating internal combustion engines | Applied Energy 253, 113565 | 10.1016/J.APENERGY.2019.113565 | WHR Brayton Italy |
| 48 | 2019 | REWITEC GmbH (European Patent — EPO Munich, Germany) | Patent EP2746369B1: Phyllosilicate-based lubricant additive — friction reduction, wear repair, surface smoothing | European Patent Office, Munich, Germany — Active to 2033 | EP2746369B1 | EP2746369B1 EUROPE Active |
| 49 | 2018 | Soofastaei A. et al. — University of Queensland, Australia | Energy-efficient loading and hauling operations in open-pit surface mining | Green Energy and Technology (Springer) | 10.1007/978-3-319-54199-0_7 | Fuel Mining Operations |
| 50 | 2018 | Scaccabarozzi R. et al. — Politecnico di Milano, Italy | Comparison of working fluids and cycle optimization for heat recovery ORCs from large ICEs | Energy 158, 396-416 | 10.1016/J.ENERGY.2018.06.017 | ORC Politecnico Milano |
| 51 | 2018 | Subramanian B., Ismail S. | Production and use of HHO gas in IC engines | Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy 43, 7140-7154 | 10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2018.02.120 | HHO Production |
| 52 | 2018 | ISO, Geneva, Switzerland | ISO 4548-12: Methods of test for full-flow lubricating oil filters for ICEs | ISO Standard 4548-12:2018 | iso.org | ISO Lubrication |
| 53 | 2017 | Holmberg K., Erdemir A. — VTT Finland / Argonne National Laboratory USA | Influence of tribology on global energy consumption, costs and emissions — worldwide friction losses by sector | Friction 5(3), 263-284 (Springer) | 10.1007/s40544-017-0183-5 | Tribology Global Energy |
| 54 | 2017 | Lion S. et al. — University of Trieste, Italy | Review of waste heat recovery and ORC in on/off-highway Heavy Duty Diesel Engine applications | Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews 79, 691-708 | 10.1016/J.RSER.2017.05.082 | WHR ORC Heavy Duty |
| 55 | 2017 | Chen S.C., Kao Y.L., Yeh G.T., Rei M.H. | Onboard hydrogen generator for hydrogen enhanced combustion with ICE | Int. Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, 21334-21342 | 10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2017.03.013 | Hydrogen Onboard |
| 56 | 2017 | Bajany D.M. — University of Pretoria, South Africa | Mixed Integer Linear Programming Model for Truck-Shovel Scheduling to Minimize Fuel Consumption | University of Pretoria Doctoral Thesis | handle.net/2263/60968 | Fuel Scheduling Thesis |
| 57 | 2016 | Dindarloo S.R., Siami-Irdemoosa E. — Michigan Tech, USA | Determinants of fuel consumption in mining trucks — empirical haul cycle analysis | Energy 112, 232-240 | 10.1016/j.energy.2016.06.085 | Fuel Determinants Mining |
| 58 | 2016 | Soofastaei A. et al. — University of Queensland, Australia | Multi-layer perceptron ANN model to determine haul trucks energy consumption | Int. J. Mining Science & Technology 26, 285-293 | 10.1016/j.ijmst.2015.12.015 | Fuel ANN Model |
| 59 | 2016 | Karvonen M. et al. — VTT Technical Research Centre Finland | Technology competition in ICE waste heat recovery: patent landscape analysis | Journal of Cleaner Production 112, 3735-3743 | 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2015.06.031 | WHR Patent Analysis |
| 60 | 2016 | Jhang S.R. et al. | Reducing pollutant emissions from heavy-duty diesel engine using hydrogen additions | Fuel 172, 89-95 | 10.1016/J.FUEL.2016.01.032 | Hydrogen HD Emissions |
| 61 | 2016 | Baltacioglu M.K. et al. — Selcuk University, Turkey | Experimental comparison of pure hydrogen and HHO enriched biodiesel in commercial diesel engine | Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41, 8347-8353 | 10.1016/J.IJHYDENE.2015.11.185 | HHO Biodiesel Experiment |
| 62 | 2015 | Spikes H. — Imperial College London, Tribology Group | Friction modifier additives — mechanisms, performance and application in engine oils | Tribology Letters 60, 5 | 10.1007/s11249-015-0589-4 | Friction Modifiers |
| 63 | 2015 | Liang X. et al. | Review and selection of engine waste heat recovery technologies using AHP and grey relational analysis | Int. Journal of Energy Research 39, 453-471 | 10.1002/er.3242 | WHR Technology Review |
| 64 | 2015 | DLG e.V., Frankfurt am Main, Germany | DLG PowerMix Test Procedure — standardised methodology for certified fuel consumption testing of agricultural tractors | DLG Test Framework and Official Standard | dlg.org | DLG PowerMix Germany |
| 65 | 2014 | Spikes H., Jie Z. — Imperial College London | History, origins and prediction of elastohydrodynamic friction | Tribology Letters 56, 1-25 | 10.1007/s11249-014-0396-y | EHD Friction |
| 66 | 2013 | TU Kaiserslautern — Institute of Machine Elements, Gears & Transmissions (MEGT), Germany | Tribological behaviour of lubricant additives in gear contacts — cooperation programme (German Government funded) | TU Kaiserslautern Research Programme — MEGT | megt.uni-kl.de | TU Kaiserslautern |
| 67 | 2013 | Leibniz Universitat Hannover — Institute of Machine Design & Tribology (IMKT), Germany | Wear reduction and surface repair mechanisms in boundary-lubricated gear contacts using mineral particle additives | LU Hannover Research Programme — IMKT | imkt.uni-hannover.de | LU Hannover |
| 68 | 2013 | Technische Universitat Dresden — Institute of Machine Elements & Machine Design (IMM), Germany | Phyllosilicate particle additive behaviour in rolling and sliding contacts under industrial gear oil conditions | TU Dresden Research Programme — IMM | imm.mw.tu-dresden.de | TU Dresden |
| 69 | 2013 | Ruhr-Universitat Bochum — Institute of Mechanical Engineering (Lehrstuhl Maschinenelemente), Germany | Friction coefficient and surface roughness analysis in gears with oil additive treatment — endurance testing | RUB Bochum Research Programme | lme.rub.de | RUB Bochum |
| 70 | 2013 | TU Bergakademie Freiberg — Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Saxony, Germany | Tribological properties and performance validation of silicate-based micro-particle lubricant additives — REWITEC cooperation | TU Bergakademie Freiberg Research Programme | tu-freiberg.de | TU Freiberg (Mining Univ.) |
| 71 | 2013 | OTH Regensburg — Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bavaria, Germany | Applied research: lubricant additive performance testing in industrial gearboxes — cooperation with technology SME partners | OTH Regensburg Research Programme | oth-regensburg.de | OTH Regensburg |
| 72 | 2012 | Neol Copper Technologies AG, Zug, Switzerland (formerly Ciba / BASF Speciality Chemicals) | NEOL W100 — Organocopper friction modifier and anti-wear additive: Technical Data Sheet, compatibility with Shell, Fuchs, Mobil, Castrol ISO VG 320 gear oils | Neol Technical Datasheet — W100 | neol.com | NEOL W100 Copper FM |
| 73 | 2012 | Neol Copper Technologies AG, Zug, Switzerland | Performance benchmarking of organocopper lubricant additives: FZG gear test and SRV oscillating friction wear test — friction reduction and wear protection data | Neol Application Technical Report — Gear & SRV Testing | neol.com | NEOL Copper Gear Test Data |
| 74 | 2012 | Neol Copper Technologies AG / Ciba Speciality Chemicals, Basel, Switzerland | Copper-based friction modifier technology: tribochemical film formation mechanism, compatibility with ZDDP anti-wear additives in industrial gear oils | Neol/Ciba Technical Paper — Organocopper Additives | neol.com | NEOL Copper Mechanism |
| 75 | 2010 | Kecojevic V., Komljenovic D. — West Virginia University, USA | Haul truck fuel consumption and CO2 emission under various engine load conditions — field study at coal surface mine | Mining Engineering 62, 44-48 | — | Fuel Engine Load |
| 76 | 2007 | Erdemir A., Martin J.M. (eds.) — Argonne National Lab / Ecole Centrale de Lyon | Superlubricity — fundamental mechanisms and engineering applications of near-zero friction | Elsevier, Amsterdam | 10.1016/B978-044452772-1/50000-5 | Superlubricity |
| 77 | 1985 | Kotas J.T. — City University London | The Exergy Method of Thermal Plant Analysis — foundational framework for second-law efficiency analysis | Butterworths, London (reprint: Elsevier) | 10.1016/C2013-0-00894-8 | Exergy Method Foundational |